![]() ![]() ![]() The NIC may use one or more of four techniques to transfer data: ![]() A separate network card is not required unless additional interfaces are needed or some other type of network is used. ![]() The Ethernet capabilities are either integrated into the motherboard chipset or implemented via a low-cost dedicated Ethernet chip, connected through the PCI (or the newer PCI express) bus. Newer server motherboards may even have dual network interfaces built-in. Whereas network controllers used to operate on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus, the low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface built into the motherboard. This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among small groups of computers on the same LAN and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, such as IP. The network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or Token Ring. A network interface controller (also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.Įarly network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus the low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface built into the motherboard. ![]()
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